MaNIDA definitions


Table 1: Data level
LevelCharacterised byData formatsMetadataProcessing steps to reach levelData quality status
Level 0
(raw)
raw data from instrument, instrument units and system, only for experts. These data are often not accessible for standard users of an instrument and the scientist may have to rely on the instrument to supply ready level-1 dataraw-data (counts, bits, bytes, binary,...)instrument - identifier time (absolute or relative)none or proprietary softwareonly external sources available (logbook,...)
Level 1
(physical values)
bio-, chemical, physical-values, data related to instrument, values in standard units, for use of specific scientific group related to instrument/dev iceASCII, or data specific physical, chemical or biological parametersTime as it is delivered from the instrument. In case this is configurable follow level-2 (frictional days since 1970) position information variables (names, units)instrument calibration, synchronisation between instruments (depth, gps)corrupted data eliminated (i.e. data with missing bits, only partial numbers or tuples)
Level 2
(bio-, chemical-, geo- physical value in space and time with error)
Bio-, geo-, physical-, chemical values, connected to space and time of measurement for use in scientific community of specific subject, correctable by version whenever faults were eliminatedASCII, NetCDF or data specific (physical parameters for objects of interest, e.g.: reflectance calculated from radiance, irradiance measurements)Time - preferable in (fractional) days since 1970. Position in preferable lat, lon (WGS84), depth Errors/measurements uncertaintiesProducing geo-physical quantities for object of interest by combining several l1-variables (by binning, averaging over short distances or short time or other procedures)Quality values and/or quality flags connected to data-values are derived. Spikes, bad data removed/replaced (flagged wheather done or not)
Level 3
(data exchange: value in space-time with error in standard format)
Values located in standard formats (e.g. common described grids) with error/confidence level, for use in general scientific community - in general portals accessible, correctable by versionpreferable in NetCDF for maplike, RDBMS for timeseries like dataMetadata in standard system, e.g. for COSYNA in CODM-NOKISMap projected on regular oriented grid. Time in (fractional) days since 1970 (preferred). If applicable on time interpolated grid.Every measured value should have an attached error. The data quality flag is filled. Link to descriptive meda-data in standard system (e.g. for COSYNA in CODM-NOKIS)
Level 4
(published)
Data published, kept in archives, preferable with DOIs, fixed dataset, cross-linked to eventual publication, correction of data results in new dataset, use by full scientific communityAs needed by receiving receiving/publishing data centre (WDC/DOD)As (3) plus mandatory metadata on data qualityExtended analysis performed to understand best possible the accuracy and limitations of the dataset in extended space and time dimensions (e.g. check for longterm trends and errors)Data quality controlled, all checks passed. Reviewed data set, sent to an WDC/DOD data centre with a DOI


Table 2: Quality flags
FlagDefinitionCriteriaUsage
0No quality controlno quality checks (QC) appliedOn own risk, no checks done
1Good dataall possible QC passedTo all what is known, this data is good
2Probably good dataall first QC checks passedTo all what is known so far, and there are more checks waiting, but could not be performed at current time. These data are usable
3Probably bad dataSome first QC not passed, but data potentially correctableThe data failed some checks but that may be recoverable in later, retrospective analysis
4Bad datano QC passedData should not be used but may be inspected
9Missing datadata not available-


Table 3: Constraints (for use and access)
Valuedefined in ISO 19115Logo
copyrightyes
patentyes
patentPendingyes
trademarkyes
licenseyes
intellectualPropertyRightsyes
restrictedyes
otherRestrictionsyes
openAccessno
onDemandno
moratoriumno
not availableno


Table 4: Bathymetry dataset types
Dataset type Abbreviation Logo
Swath sonar / multibeam MB
Singlebeam SB


Table 5: Content of bathymetry data files
AbbreviationContent
aAmplitudes / Backscatter
dDepths
sSidescan
wWater column